Fertilization Strategies and Practices: A Study on Lentil
![](https://ojsdergi.com/ojsicons/gor.png)
![](https://ojsdergi.com/ojsicons/pdf.png)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13283076Anahtar Kelimeler:
lentil, legumes, fertilizer, fertilizationÖzet
Lentil (Lens culinaris) has an important place in agriculture due to its high nutritional value and ability to fix nitrogen and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices by increasing soil fertility. Proper fertilization strategies in lentil farming play a critical role in terms of yield increase and soil health. Fertilization is optimized by providing the macro and micronutrients needed by the plant at the optimal timing and dosage. Lentils especially need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; nitrogen is essential for growth and development and is bio-fixed, phosphorus promotes root development and flowering, while potassium increases disease resistance and regulates water balance. Modern fertilization practices starts with soil analysis; available nutrient levels and pH values are determined to customize fertilization programs. Both organic and inorganic fertilizers are used in lentil farming. Organic fertilizers increase the organic matter content of the soil, supporting microbial activity and improving long-term soil health, while inorganic fertilizers provide a rapid source of nutrients to the plant. Recent research is examining the effects of fertilization strategies on lentil yield and quality and determining optimal fertilizer amounts and application timings. Over-fertilization can lead to economic losses and environmental pollution, while under-fertilization can negatively affect plant growth. The development of effective fertilization strategies in lentil agriculture will contribute to the achievement of efficient and environmentally friendly production targets.
Referanslar
Ahmed, Z.I., Muhammamad Ansar, M.A., Muhammad Tariq, M.T., Anjum, M.S., 2008. Effect of different Rhizobium inoculation methods on performance of lentil in Pothowar Region.
Altieri, M.A., 2018. Agroecology: the science of sustainable agriculture. CrC press.
Amarowicz, R., Pegg, R.B., 2023. Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik) as a source of phenolic compounds-their content, changes during processing, antioxidant and biological activities. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 29(11): 852-864.
Araus, J.L., Slafer, G.A., Reynolds, M.P., Royo, C., 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?.Annals of botany, 89(7): 925-940.
Bayaa, B., Erskine, W., Singh, M., 1997. Screening lentil for resistance to Fusarium wilt: methodology and sources of resistance. Euphytica, 98: 69-74.
Bloch, S.E., Ryu, M.H., Ozaydin, B., Broglie, R., 2020. Harnessing atmospheric nitrogen for cereal crop production. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 62: 181-188.
Brady, N.C., Weil, R.R., 2008. "The Nature and Properties of Soils." Prentice Hall.
Brockwell, J., Bottomley, P.J., Thies, J.E., 2002. Manipulation of rhizobia microflora for improving legume productivity and soil fertility: A critical assessment. Plant and Soil, 245: 143-180.
Bullock, D.G., 1992. Crop rotation. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 11(4): 309-326.
Campbell, B.D., 2018. Soil health and green manure crops. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 10(2): 150-162.
Challinor, A.J., Wheeler, T.R., Craufurd, P. Q., Slingo, J.M., Grimes, D.I.F., 2007. Adaptation of crops to climate change through genotypic responses to mean and extreme temperatures. Agricultural Ecosystems Environment, 119(1-2): 190-204.
Compant, S., Duffy, B., Nowak, J., Clément, C., Barka, E.A., 2005. Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(9): 4951-4959.
Döbereiner, J., 1997. Biological nitrogen fixation in the tropics: social and economic contributions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29(5-6): 771-774.
Eghball, B., 2002. Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus-and nitrogen-based manure and compost applications. Agronomy Journal, 94(1): 128-135.
Erskine, W., Adham, Y., Holly, L., 1989. Geographic distribu tion of variation in quantitative traits in a world lentil collection. Euphytica 43:97–103.
Gontse, R., Paphane, B.D., Papadi, T., 2020. Determination of mineral content in sugar bean, lentils and groundnuts sold by the roadside in Gaborone, Botswana.
Goyal, R.K., Schmidt, M.A., Hynes, M.F., 2021. Molecular biology in the improvement of biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia and extending the scope to cereals. Microorganisms, 9(1): 125.
Gruhn, P., Goletti, F., Yudelman, M., 2000. Integrated nutrient management, soil fertility, and sustainable agriculture: current issues and future challenges. Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Havlin, J.L., Beaton, J.D., Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L., 1999. Soil fertility and fertilizers: an introduction to nutrient management.
Havlin, J.L., 2020. Soil: Fertility and nutrient management. In Landscape and land capacity (pp. 251-265). CRC Press.
Jones, B.J., 2001. Laboratory Guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC Press.
Kumar, J., Gupta, D.S., Kumar, S., 2021. Genetic potential of lentil as a nutritionally rich food legume crop. Breeding for Enhanced Nutrition and Bio-Active Compounds in Food Legumes, 83-98.
Kumar, S., Singh, A., 2021. Phosphorus management in lentil: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 9(1): 210-215.
Kumar, J., Sen Gupta, D., Djalovic, I., Kumar, S., Siddique, K.H., 2021. Root‐omics for drought tolerance in cool‐season grain legumes. Physiologia Plantarum, 172(2): 629-644.
Langholtz, M., Davison, B.H., Jager, H.I., Eaton, L., Baskaran, L.M., Davis, M., Brandt, C.C., 2021. Increased nitrogen use efficiency in crop production can provide economic and environmental benefits. Science of the Total Environment, 758: 143602.
Liebman, M., Dyck, E., 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecological Applications, 3(1): 92-122.
Marschner, H., 2011. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press.
Martínez-Hidalgo, P., Hirsch, A.M., 2017. The nodule microbiome: N2-fixing rhizobia do not live alone. Phytobiomes Journal, 1(2): 70-82.
Miller, P.R., McConkey, B.G., Clayton, G.W., Brandt, S.A., Staricka, J.A., Johnston, A.M., Neill, K.E., 2002. Pulse crop adaptation in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy journal, 94(2): 261-272.
Montejano-Ramírez, V., Valencia-Cantero, E., 2024. The importance of lentils: An overview. Agriculture, 14(1): 103.
Muehlbauer, F.J., McPhee, K.E. 2000). Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Genetic resources and chromosome engineering and crop improvement. Grain legumes, 1: 219-230.
Peoples, M.B., Unkovich, M.J., Herridge, D.F., 2009. Measuring symbiotic nitrogen fixation by legumes. Nitrogen fixation in crop production, 52: 125-170.
Pimentel, D., Burgess, M., 2014. An environmental, energetic and economic comparison of organic and conventional farming systems. Integrated Pest Management: Pesticide Problems, 3: 141-166.
Ramaekers, L., Remans, R., Rao, I.M., Blair, M.W., Vanderleyden, J., 2010. Strategies for improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency of crop plants. Field Crops Research, 117(2-3): 169-176.
Rengel, Z., 2015. Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 15(2): 397-409.
Saeed, N.A.B., 2012. Organic farming prospects and constraints (Doctoral dissertation, CCSHAU).
Sarker, A., Erskine, W., 2006. Recent progress in the ancient lentil. Journal of Agricultural Science, 144(1): 19-29.
Sarker, A., Erskine, W., Singh, M., 2013. Lentils in Production and Food Systems in West Asia and East Africa. Crop Science, 53(2): 505-514.
Sarker, A., Erskine, W., Singh, M., 2003. Regression models for lentil seed and straw yields in Near East. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 116(1-2): 61-72.
Sarker, A., Rizvi, A.H., Singh, M., 2018. Genetic variability for nutritional quality in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris). Legume Research-An International Journal, 41(3): 363-368.
Schulze, J., Temple, G., Temple, S.J., Beschow, H., Vance, C.P., 2006. Nitrogen fixation by white lupin under phosphorus deficiency. Annals of Botany, 98(4): 731-740.
Sharma, A., Sharma, R., 2020. Potassium management in lentil: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2): 166-171.
Sharma, H., Ramawat, N., Gupta, C., 2022. Nutritive content of lentil. Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering, 12: 27-32.
Sharma, R.K., 2018. Impact of potassium fertilizer application on soil properties and crop productivity: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3): 3153-3161.
Singh, J., Singh, M., Jain, A., Bhardwaj, S., Singh, A., Singh, D.K., Dubey, S.K., 2013. An introduction of plant nutrients and foliar fertilization: a review. Precision farming: a new approach, New Delhi: Daya Publishing Company, 252-320.
Singh, N., Singh, G., 2016. Response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) to phosphorus-A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37(1): 27-34.
Singh, M., Bhatt, B.P., Sundaram, P.K., Gupta, A.K., Singh, R.K., Singh, S. 2017. Strategies for enhancing water productivity in lentil (Lens culinaris). Agricultural Water Management, 185: 52-59.
Smith, S.E., Read, D.J., 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press.
Singh, D.K., Gupta, S., Sharma, Y., 2023. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture and livelihood security under changing climatic conditions. In Organic Crop Production Management (pp. 439-452). Apple Academic Press.
Somasundaram, J., Thirukumaran, K., Jayabalan, N., 2007. Studies on green manuring in lentil (Lens culinaris). Legume Research, 30(3): 211-213.
Stevenson, F.J., 1994. Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions. John Wiley Sons.
Sutton, A.L., 2011. Animal Manure: Production, Characteristics, Environmental Concerns, and Management. Iowa State University.
Telles, T.S., Nogueira, M.A., Hungria, M., 2023. Economic value of biological nitrogen fixation in soybean crops in Brazil. Environmental Technology Innovation, 31: 103158.
Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R., Polasky, S., 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418(6898): 671-677.
Vasconcelos, M.W., Grusak, M.A., Pinto, E., Gomes, A., 2020. The biology of legumes and their agronomic, economic, and social impact. The Plant Family Fabaceae.
Vessey, J.K., 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255(2): 571-586.
Zahran, H.H., 1999.Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fixation under Severe Conditions and in an Arid Climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 63(4): 968-989.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 MAS Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.