Some Indicators for the Assessment of Soil Health: A Mini Review

Erdal SAKİN; Halil İbrahim YANARDAĞ; Zemzem FIRAT; Ahmet ÇELİK; Vedat BEYYAVAŞ; Suat CUN

doi:10.5281/zenodo.11665000

Yazarlar

Erdal SAKİN Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-4247
Halil İbrahim YANARDAĞ Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Battalgazi, Malatya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-9600
Zemzem FIRAT Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-9389
Ahmet ÇELİK Adiyaman University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Adiyaman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-4978
Vedat BEYYAVAŞ Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-9403
Suat CUN Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6607-8263

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11665000

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Soil health, biological, chemical and physical parameters

Özet

Soil health depends on a delicate balance of biological, chemical and physical parameters, each of which affects the overall vitality and productivity of the soil ecosystem. Biological parameters include organism populations, microbial diversity and enzyme activity. Organic matter content fuels microbial activity improves nutrient cycling and soil structure. Chemical parameters such as pH, nutrient levels and salinity determine nutrient availability and microbial function. Optimum pH levels sustain microbial diversity and enzymatic activity, which is crucial for nutrient cycling. Physical parameters such as soil texture, structure and porosity govern water infiltration, root penetration and air exchange. Adequate porosity ensures oxygen availability for root respiration and microbial activity, while soil structure determines water retention and drainage. These parameters are interconnected and changes in one aspect can propagate throughout the entire soil ecosystem. For example, increased organic matter increases microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, improving nutrient cycling and soil structure. Conversely, chemical imbalances or physical compaction can inhibit microbial function and degrade soil structure. Therefore, holistic soil management strategies should aim to synergistically optimise biological, chemical and physical parameters. Sustainable practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping and reduced tillage increase organic matter content, regulate pH levels and maintain soil structure. Monitoring and managing these parameters holistically promotes soil health, resilience to environmental stressors and long-term agricultural productivity while maintaining ecosystem integrity.

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Some Indicators for the Assessment of Soil Health: A Mini Review

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