Role of Giberellic Acid (GA3) in Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Some Field Crops: A Review
Abstract views: 81
/ 
PDF downloads: 46
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15082178Keywords:
Gibberellic acid (GA3), field crops, dormancy,, germinationAbstract
Seed development and germination are of significant importance in life cycle of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds. Germination begins with the absorption of water by a dormant seed, and a radicle emerges from the seed coat. The distribution of germination is influenced by environmental factors that regulate dormancy and germination potential, as well as the genetic characteristics of the plant. Abcisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are considered phyto-hormones that regulate and seed dormancy inversely. Uniformity in germination and initial growth are the functions of seeds, which are mainly affected by excessive fertilizer use of fertilizers, wrong cultural practices soil quality. Various seed coating methods, including GA, have been used to reduce salinity and drought in field crops. Many studies establish that GA3 doses positively affect plant growth and development under various stress factors. This study is expected to summarize GA3 studies and serve as an example for future research.
References
Altuner, F., Oral, E., Tunçtürk, R., Baran, İ., 2019. Gibberellik asit ön uygulamasına tabi tutulmuş triticale (x Triticosecale wittmack)’ de tuz (NaCl) stresinin çimlenme üzerine etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22 (Ek Sayı 2): 235–242.
Aziz, T., Pekşen, E., 2020. Seed priming with gibberellic acid rescues chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) from chilling stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 42: 1–10.
Bassel, G.W., Lan, H., Glaab, E., Gibbs, D.J., Gerjets, T., Krasnogor, N., Bonner, A.J., Holdsworth, M.J., Provart, N.J., 2011. Genome-wide network model capturing seed germination reveals coordinated regulation of plant cellular phase transitions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(23): 9709-9714.
Bhatla, S.C., Lal, M.A., 2023. Seed Dormancy and Germination. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Cantürk, A., 2023. Fotoperiyot, potasyum nitrat ve giberellik asidin lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia) tohumlarında dormansinin kırılması ve çimlenme üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ordu.
Carrera–Castaño, G., Calleja–Cabrera, J., Pernas, M., Gómez, L., Oñate–Sánchez, L., 2020. An updated overview of the regulation of seed germination. Plants, 9(6): 703.
Chen, D., Gunawardena, T., Naidu, B., Fukai, S., Basnayake, J., 2005. Seed treatment with gibberellic acid and glycinebetaine improves seedling emergence and seedling vigour of rice under low temperature. Seed Science Technology, 33: 471–479.
Çiçek, Ş., Yalınkılıç, N.A., Başbağ, S., Bayram, A., 2022. Farklı gibberellik asit konstanstrasyonlarının bazı keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Publishing Editors, 57.
Gong, D., He, F., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Tian, S., Sun C., Zhang, X., 2022. Understanding of hormonal regulation in rice seed germination. Life, 12(7): 1021.
Gürsoy, M., 2023. Kolza (Brassica napus L.) çeşitlerine uygulanan farklı giberellik asit dozlarının çimlenme ve fide gelişimine etkileri. 12th Internatıonal Zeugma Conference on Scientific Research, Kongre Bildiriler Kitabı, p. 264-369.
Holdsworth, M., Bentsink, L., Soppe, W.J.J., 2008. Molecular networks regulating Arabidopsis seed maturation, after-ripening, dormancy and germination. New Phytologist, 179: 33–54.
Huss, J.C., Gierlinger, N., 2021. Functional packaging of seeds. New Phytologist, 230(6): 2154-2163.
Miransari, M., Smith, D.L., 2014. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 99: 110–121.
Nonogaki, H., 2014. Seed dormancy and germination—Emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5: 233.
Okumuş, O., Kahraman, N.D., 2024. Effect of gibberellic acid on germination and seedling growth of barley under NaCl–induced salinity. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 17(3): 330–337.
Okumuş, O., Yaman, M., 2024. The effect of the gibberellic acid application on germination characteristics of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under salt stress. Current Trends in Natural Sciences, 13(25): 28–33.
Şahin, N.K., 2024. Stimulatory effects of different seed priming treatments on germination and early seedling growth of Sugar beet. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(4): 1056-1067.
Santner, A., Calderon-Villalobos, L., Estelle, M., 2009. Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nature Chemical Biology, 5: 301–307.
Shu, K., Liu, X. D., Xie, Q., He, Z.H., 2016. Two faces of one seed: hormonal regulation of dormancy and germination. Molecular Plant, 9(1): 34-45.
Turan, F., Samur, S., 2024. Kolza (Brassica napus L.) tohumuna borik asit ve gibberellik asit ön uygulamalarının kuraklık stresine karşı etkisinin incelenmesi. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(3):756-765.
Yağcı, E., 2023. Farklı tuz konsantrasyonları ve kuraklık stresi uygulamalarının ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)'nde çimlenme ve fide gelişimine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
Yamaguchi, S., 2008. Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 225–251.
Yıldırım, C., Başak, M., Aydınoğlu, B., 2022. Gibberellik asit (GA3) uygulamalarının farklı tuz yoğunluklarında sorgum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] tohumlarının çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(3):323–333.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The copyright of the published article belongs to its author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 