A Comprehensive Review on Exploring the Mechanisms of Boron Toxicity in Plants
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11637180Keywords:
Plant resilience, Nutrient interactions, Abiotic stress, Crop productivity, Stress tolerance, Plant adaptationAbstract
This review explores the multifaceted role of boron (B) in plant stress responses, emphasizing its mechanisms of action and agricultural relevance. Plants face numerous environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, which significantly impact their growth and productivity. Recent research underscores the importance of micronutrients like B in mitigating these stresses. Boron is vital for various biological processes, including cell wall stability, cytoskeletal functions, and numerous metabolic pathways, affecting plant growth, flowering, and yield quality. However, managing B levels is challenging due to its narrow range between deficiency and toxicity. This review highlights B's interactions with macronutrients (nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (zinc and manganese), revealing complex regulatory mechanisms that influence nutrient uptake, plant growth, and stress responses. Additionally, the review examines plants' responses to B toxicity, including mechanisms to reduce B uptake, the production of B-chelating compounds, and enhanced antioxidant systems to mitigate oxidative stress. By providing a comprehensive understanding of B's impact on plant health and productivity, this review aims to inform future research and practical approaches for optimizing B management in agriculture, contributing to sustainable crop production.
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