Some Quality Properties of Silage Made with Sweet Sorghum Bagasse
Abstract views: 63
/ 
PDF downloads: 27
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10612690Keywords:
Sweet sorghum, bagasse, genotype, quality, silageAbstract
The study was conducted to reveal the forage and silage quality potential of the sweet sorghum stems which were extracted in order to obtain ethanol in the industry. The experiment was conducted with randomized blocks design with 4 replications, in Adana/Turkey during the 2nd crop production (June-October) in 2016 and 2017 years. 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) cultivar/line were used as plant materials. Harvest was performed between milk and soft dough stages.After the leaves and panicle of the plant were stripped, sap-extracted plants (bagasse) were ensiled and silage quality attributes and mineral elements content were also determined. Depending of genotypes, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations, digestible dry matter (DDM) ratio, crude protein (CP) ratio, dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) were ranged from 55.92 to 71.57%, from 35.54 to 49.55%, from 3.70 to 5.62%, from 50.30 to 61.22%, from 1.68 to 2.17%, and from 65.5 to 104.0, respectively. Moreover, the content of some microelements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus varied between 0.182-0.234%, between 1.103-1.579%, between 0.144-0.190%, and between 0.133-0.228%, respectively. Flieg score of the silage were varied between 78.9-84.8 and its physical properties varied between 16.9-19.0. The result showed that silages made with sweet sorghum bagasse can be consider as raughage under the second crop condition of the Eastern Mediterranean condition.
References
Avila, S.C., Martins, A.A., Kozloski, G.V., Orlandi, T., Mezzomo, M.P., Stefanello, C.M., Hentz, F., Castagnino, P., 2013. Sunflower meal supplementation to wethers fed sorghum bagasse silage. Ciência Rural, 42(7):1245-1250.
Blümmel, M., Rao, S.S., Palaniswami, S., Shah, L., Reddy, B.V.S., 2009. Evaluation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) used for bio-ethanol production in the context of optimizing whole plant utilization. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 9: 1-10.
Cattani, M., Guzzo, N., Mantovani, R., Bailoni, L., 2017. Effects of total replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage on milk yield, composition, and quality. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 8:15.
Coşkun, B., 2007. Yemlerde kalite kontrolü, yemlerde kalite kontrolü ve olumsuzlukları. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Konya İl Kontrol Laboratuar Müdürlüğü, 148 s, Konya.
DLG, 1987. Bewertung von Grünfutter, Silage Und Heu. DLG-Merkblatt, pp:224.
Dolciotti, I., Mambell, S., Grandi, S., Ventur, G., 1998. Comparison of two sorghum genotypes for sugar and fiber production. Industrial Crop Production, 7: 265-272.
Dong, M., Li, Q., Xu, F., Wang, S., Chen, J., Li, W., 2020. Effects of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of sweet sorghum bagasse silage. Scientific Report, 10: 837.
Drapcho, C.M., Nhuan, N.P., Walker, T.H., 2008. Biofuels Engineering Process Technology. The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc, USA. ISBN: 9780071487498. https://www.ac cessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071487498.
Durul, G., 2016. Farklı biçim zamanlarının tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. saccharatum) ve fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris) silaj karışımlarında bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
Emmanuel, S.A., Ibrahim, H.D., Mika, S.R., Alabi, F.M., Olajide, O.O., Sallau, A.A., Adedirin, O., Fadeyi A.E., Akiode S.O., Danlami, U., Orishadipe, A.T., 2022. Nutritional analysis of sweet sorghum stalk as main excipient of compounded dairy and beef cattle feed. Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 10(1): 1-4.
Gomes-Rocha, F.M., Evangelista, A.R., Rocha, N.S., Silva, T.O.D, Abreu, L.R.A., Ortêncio, M.O., Guimarães, C.G., Bonfa, C.S., 2018. Fermentation characteristics and bromatological composition of sweet sorghum bagasse silages. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, Salvador, 19(2):157-165.
Görü, N., Seydoşoğlu, S., 2021. Bazı serin iklim tahıllarının (yulaf, arpa, çavdar ve tritikale) yaygın fiğ ile farklı oranlarda karışımlarında silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (1):26-33.
Huhtanen, P., Khalili, H., Nousiainen, J.I., Rinne, M., Jaakkola, S., Heikkila, T., Nouisiainen, J., 2002. Prediction on the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows. Livestock Production Science, 73:111-130.
Huhtanen, P., Nousiainen J.I., Khalili, H., Jaakkola S., Heikkila T., 2003. Relationship between silage fermentation characteristics and milk production parameters: analyses of literature data. Livestock Production Science, 81:57-73.
Inal, I., Yucel C., Yucel, D., Hatipoğlu, R., 2021. Nutritive value and fodder potential of different sweet sorghum genotypes under Mediterranean conditions. Turk Journal of Field Crops, 26(1):1-7.
Jacques, K., Lyons, T.P., Kelsall, D.R., 1999. The Alcohol Textbook. 3rd Eds. P.388.
Jafarinia, M., Almodares, A., Khorvash, M., 2005. Using sweet sorghum bagasse in silo In: Proceeding of the 2nd Congress of Using Renewable Sources and Agric. Wastes (Eds. M Jafarinia, A Almodares & M Khorvash). KhorasganAzade University, Isfahan, Iran.
Junior, M.A.P.O., Retore, M., Manarelli, D.M., de Souza, F.B., Ledesma, L.L.M., Orrico, A.C.A., 2015. Forage potential and silage quality of four varieties of saccharine sorghum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(12): 1201-1217.
Kaplan, M. 2013. The Effect of variety on the chemical composition and ensiling characteristics of sorghum plant. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 16 (2):34-38
Kappel, L.C., Morgan, E.B., Kilgore, L., Ingraham, R.H., Babcoock, D.K., 1985. Seasonal Changes of Mineral Content of Southern Forages. Journal of Dairy Science 68:1822.
Karthikeyan, B.J., Babu C., Amalraj J.J., 2017. Nutritive value and fodder potential of different sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(8): 898-911.
Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo Yemi (Öğretim, Öğrenim ve Uygulama Önerileri). Bilgehan Basımevi, İzmir.
Kim, S.C., Kim, J.H., Kim, C.H., Lee, J.C., Ko, Y.D., 2000. Effects of whole crop corn ensiled with cage layer manure on nutritional quality and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 13:1548-1553.
Kumar, A. A., Reddy, B.V.S., Reddy, C.R., Blümmel, M., Rao, P.S., Ramaiah, B., Reddy, P.S., 2010. Enhancing the harvest window for supply chain management of sweet sorghum for ethanol production. Journal of SAT Agriculture Research, 8:1-5.
Kumari, N. N., Reddy, Y.R., Blümmel, M., Nagalakshmi, D., Monica, T., 2013. Effect of feeding sweet sorghum bagasse silage with or without chopping on nutrient utilization in deccani sheep. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13: 243-249.
Kutlu, H.R., Çelik, L., 2016. Yemler Bilgisi ve Yem Teknolojisi. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:226, Kitaplar Yayın No: A-86, 378 s. Adana.
Mastrorilli, M., Katerji N., Rana, G., 1999. Productivity and water use efficiency of sweet sorghum as affected by soil water deficit occurring at different vegetative growth stages. European Journal of Agronomy, 11:207-215.
Mosali, J., Rogers, R., Huhnke, R., Bellmer, D., Cook, B., 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilization timing on juice and bagasse quality of sweet sorghum for biofuel production. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 48, 1-6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.
Naeini, Z., Khorvash, S, M., Rowghani, E., Bayat, A., Nikousefat, Z., 2014. Effects of urea and molasses supplementation on chemical composition, protein fractionation and fermentation characteristics of sweet sorghum and bagasse silagesas alternative silage crop compared with maize silage in the arid areas. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(6): 343-352.
Negro, M.J., Solano, M.L., Ciria, P., Carrasco, J., 1999. Composting of sweet sorghum bagasse with other wastes. Bio-resource Technology, 67: 89-92.
Noller, C.H., Nascımento Junıor, D., Queıroz, D.S. 1996. Exigências nutricionais de animais em pastejo. In: Sımpósıo Sobre O Manejo Das Pastagens, 13., Piracicaba. Anais... Piracicaba: Fealq, 319-352.
Olusola, F.O., Oluwatosin, O.B., Adebowale, F.N., 2022. Nutritional potentialities of sweet sorghum plant parts in ruminant production system. Archiva Zootechnica 25(1): 5-23.
Pereira, D.H., Pereira, O.G., Silva, B.C., Leao, M.I., Valadares, F.S.C., Gacia, R., 2008. Nutrient intake and digestibility and ruminal parameters in beef cattle fed diets containing Brachariabrizantha silage and concentrate at different ratios. Animal Feed Sciences Technology, 14:52-56.
Poehlman, J.M., 1994. Breeding Sorghum and Millet. In Breeding field crops, 3rd ed, ed. J.M. Poehlman, 508-541. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press.
Ritter, K.B., McIntyre, C.L., Godwin, I.D., Jordan, D.R., Chapman, S.C., 2007. An assessment of the genetic relationship between sweet and grain sorghums, within Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor (L.) Moench, using AFLP markers. Euphytica, 157:161176.
Rodrigues, P.H.M., Pinedo, L.A., Meyer, P.M., da Silva, T.H., Guimarães, L, C. da.S. B., 2020. Sorghum silage quality as determined by chemical–nutritional factors. Grass and Forage Science, 75 (4): 462-473.
Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F., Jorgensen, N. 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 47(3):747-759.
Schroeder, J.W., 1994. Interpreting Forage Analysis. Extention Dairy specialist (NDSU). AS1080, North Dakota State University.
Shenk, J.S., Westerhaus, M.O., 1994. The application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to forage analysis. In ‘Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization’. (Ed GC Fahey) pp. 406-449. (ASA-CSSASSSA: Madison, Wisconsin).
Shinde, M.S., Repe, S.S., Gaikwad, A.R., Dalvi, U.S., Gadakh, S.R., 2013. Physiobiochemical assessment of sweet sorghum genotypes during post rainy season. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 1(8):501-507
Steduto, P., Katerji N., Puertos-Molina H., Unlu M., Mastrorilli, M., Rana G., 1997. Wateruse efficiency of sweet sorghum under water stress conditions. Gas exchange investigations at leaf and canopy scales. Field Crop Research, 54: 221-234.
Tas, T., Yucel, C., Gundel, F.D., Oktem, A., Cetiner, I.H., 2021. Evaluation of sweet sorghum bagasse as an alternative feed resource for livestock in Semiarid regions. MAS Journal Applied Sciences, 6: 303-311
Usman, S., Dele, P.A., Jimoh, S.O., 2021. Physical, fermentative, and nutritional quality of silages made from three Sorghum bicolor varieties as affected by ensiling duration in South-west Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53 (2) 239.
Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2. ed. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 476 p.
Vidya, B., Reddy, Y.R., Rao, D.S., Reddy, V.R., Kumari, N.N., Blummel, M., 2016. Effect of supplementation of concentrate to sweet sorghum bagasse with leaf residue silage on nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in native sheep. Indian Journal Animal Research, 50(3):387-391.
Yurtsever, N., 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotları. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müd. Yay, Genel Yayın No: 56, Ankara.
Yücel, C., Hatipoğlu, R., Dweikat, I., İnal, İ., Gündel, F., Yücel, H., 2018. Farklı tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotiplerinin Çukurova ve GAP bölgelerinde biyo-etanol üretim potansiyellerinin saptanması. TÜBİTAK TOVAG 1003 114O945 Nolu Proje
Yucel, C., Erkan, M.E. 2020. Evaluation of forage yield and silage quality of sweet sorghum in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20 (4):923-930.
Yücel, C., Öktem, A., Gedük, A.Ş. 2021. GAP koşullarında yetiştirilen tatlı sorgumun posası ile yapılan silajın bazı fermantasyon özellikleri. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6(4): 1064–1076.
Yucel, C., Hatipoglu, R., Bilgin, F.D., İnal, İ. 2023. Bagasse yield and quality traits of silage made from juice-extracted sweet sorghum stalks. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 35(4): 379-387.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 MAS Journal of Applied Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 