Prevalance and Molecular Characterisation of Giardia duodenalis Infection on Goatkids Southeast Turkey
Abstract views: 204
/ 
PDF downloads: 74
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10001590Keywords:
Assemblages E, Giardia duodenalis, goatkids, TurkeyAbstract
Giardia duodenalis, a common intestinal protozoan, affects humans and mammals, including goats. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of G. duodenalis in goat kids in southeastern Turkey. Fecal samples were collected from 112 goatkids, and microscopic and molecular analyses were conducted. A direct immunofluorescence test was used to confirm the presence of G. duodenalis cysts in collected fecal samples. Molecular confirmation was done with Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using G. duodenalis SSU-rRNA. The secondary PCR products of all positive samples were sequenced in one direction on an automated sequencer. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed by BLAST alignment using the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Out of 112 fecal samples, 28.57% tested positive for G. duodenalis. Genotyping revealed that all positive samples belonged to assemblage E, a genotype previously identified in various domestic animals and even humans, suggesting zoonotic potential. These findings emphasize the significance of G. duodenalis in goatkids for both animal and human health and highlight the need for further epidemiological studies to assess its zoonotic potential in different regions of Turkey.
References
Adam, R.D., 2001. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14: 447–475.
Akinkuotu, O.A., Takeet, M.I., Otesile, E.B., Olufemi, F., Greenwood, S.J., McClure, J.T., 2019. Multi-locus genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of Giardia intestinalis isolates from indigenous goats in Ogun State, Nigeria. Acta Tropica, 195: 15-22.
Aloisio, F., Filippini, G., Antenucci, P., Lepri, E., Pezzotti, G., Caccio, S.M., Pozio, E., 2006. Severe weight loss in lambs infected with Giardia duodenalis assemblage B. Veterinary Parasitology, 142: 154–158.
Ayan, A., Ural, D.A., Erdogan, H., Kilinc, O.O., Gültekin, M., Ural, K., 2019. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Livestock In Van, Turkey. International Journal of Ecosystems & Ecology Sciences, 9(2):265-274.
Bomfim, T.C.B., Huber, F., Gomes, R.S., Alves, L.L., 2005. Natural infection by Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in dairy goats, associated with possible risk factors of the studied properties. Veterinary Parasitology, 134(1-2):9-13.
Cai, W., Ryan, U., Xiao, L., Feng, Y., 2021. Zoonotic giardiasis: an update. Parasitology Research, 1-20.
Castro-Hermida, J.A., Almeida, A., Gonz´alez-Warleta, M., Correia da Costa, J.M., Rumbo-Lorenzo, C., Mezo, M., 2007. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in healthy adult domestic ruminants. Parasitology Research, 101: 1443–1448.
Di Giovanni, G.D., Betancourt, W.Q., Hernandez, J., Assadian, N.W., Flores Margez, J.P., Lopez, E.J., 2006. Investigation of potential zooanthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis through agricultural use of reclaimed wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 16: 405–418.
Faridi, A., Tavakoli Kareshk, S., Sadooghian, N., 2020. Frequency of different genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in slaughtered sheep and goats in east of Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 44: 618–624.
Feng, Y., Xiao, L., 2011. Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24(1): 110-140.
Geurden, T., Thomas, P., Casaert, S., Vercruysse, J., Claerebout, E., 2008. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in lambs and goat kids in Belgium. Veterinary Parasitology, 155:142–145.
Gomez-Munoz, M.T., Navarro, C., Garijo-Toledo, M.M., Dea-Ayuela, M.A., Fern´andez-Barredo, S., P´erez-Gracia, M.T., Borr´as, R., 2009.
Occurrence and genotypes of Giardia isolated from lambs in Spain. Parasitology International, 58: 297–299.
Heresi, G., Cleary, T.G., 1997. Giardia. Pediatrics in Review, 18(7):243-247.
Hopkins, R.M., Meloni, B.P., Groth, D.M., Wetherall, J.D., Reynoldson, J.A., Thompson, R.A., 1997. Ribosomal RNA sequencing reveals differences between the genotypes of Giardia isolates recovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality. The Journal of parasitology, 83(1): 44-51.
Jafari, H., Jalali, M.H.R., Shapouri, M.S.A., Hajikolaii, M.R.H., 2014. Determination of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in sheep and goats from Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 38: 81–84.
Kiani-Salmi, N., Fattahi-Bafghi, A., Astani, A., Sazmand, A., Zahedi, A., Firoozi, Z., Akrami-Mohajeri, F., 2019. Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in cattle, sheep, and goats in an arid area of central Iran. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 75: 104021.
Lebbad, M., Mattsson, J.G., Christensson, B., Ljungstr¨om, B., Backhans, A., Andersson, J.O., Sv¨ard, S.G., 2010. From mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of Giardia isolates from various animal species. Veterinary Parasitology, 168: 231–239.
Read, C. M., Monis, P.T., Thompson, R.A., 2004. Discrimination of all genotypes of Giardia duodenalis at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus using PCR-RFLP. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 4(2):125-130.
Robertson, L.J., 2009. Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in sheep and goats: a review of the potential for transmission to humans via environmental contamination. Epidemiology & Infection, 137(7): 913-921.
Robertson, L.J., Gjerde, B.K., Hansen, E.F., 2010. The zoonotic potential of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Norwegian sheep: a longitudinal investigation of 6 flocks of lambs. Veterinary Parasitology, 171: 140–145.
Ruiz, A., Foronda, P., González, J.F., Guedes, A., Abreu-Acosta, N., Molina, J.M., Valladares, B., 2008. Occurrence and genotype characterization of Giardia duodenalis in goat kids from the Canary Islands, Spain. Veterinary Parasitology, 154(1-2): 137-141.
Ryan, U., Hijjawi, N., Feng, Y., Xiao, L., 2019. Giardia: an under-reported foodborne parasite. International Journal of Parasitology, 49:1–11.
Ryan, U.M., Bath, C., Robertson, I., Read, C., Elliot, A., Mcinnes, L., Besier, B., 2005. Sheep may not be an important zoonotic reservoir for Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(9): 4992–4997.
Squire, S.A., Yang, R., Robertson, I., Ayi, I., Ryan, U., 2017. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 55:236-243.
Thompson, R.C.A., Ash, A., 2019. Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections-What's new? Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 40:315-323.
Tzanidakis, N., Sotiraki, S., Claerebout, E., Ehsan, A., Voutzourakis, N., Kostopoulou, D., Geurden, T., 2014. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goats reared under dairy husbandry systems in Greece. Parasite, 21:45.
Utaaker, K.S., Myhr, N., Bajwa, R.S., Joshi, H., Kumar, A., Robertson, L.J., 2017. Goats in the city: prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in extensively reared goats in northern India. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 59:1-9.
Xiao, L., Feng, Y., 2017. Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 8(9): 14-32.
Yang, R., Jacobson, C., Gordon, C., Ryan, U., 2009. Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in pre-weaned sheep in Australia. Veterinary Parasitology, 161:19–24.
Yang, X., Wang, J., Huang, S., Song, J., Fan, Y., Zhao, G. 2023. Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Escherichia coli in Dairy Goat Kids with Diarrhea in Partial Regions of Shaanxi Province, China. Animals, 13(18):2922.
Zahedi, A., Field, D., Ryan, U., 2017. Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in humans in Queensland–first report of Assemblage E. Parasitology, 144(9): 1154-1161.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 The copyright of the published article belongs to its author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 