MAS Journal of Applied Sciences

Vermicompost Applications in Soils

2024-08-06T11:09:17+03:00

Vermicompost is a rich, nutritious fertilizer produced by the digestion and decomposition of organic waste by earthworms. In this process, the worms break down organic materials to produce a humus-like substance. Vermicompost contains high levels of plant nutrients, enzymes, microorganisms and growth regulators. These components make vermicompost an effective natural fertilizer that increases soil fertility and improves plant health. Vermicomposting also provides significant benefits in terms of environmental sustainability. The breakdown of organic waste by worms facilitates waste management and reduces the burden on landfills. In addition, vermicomposting reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and prevents environmentally harmful chemicals from entering the soil and water resources. Vermicompost has great potential for sustainable agriculture and soil health. However, it needs to be used in an effective and balanced manner. This study comprehensively addressed the benefits and potential harms of vermicompost on soil health and agricultural productivity. Future research and applications will contribute to a more effective and sustainable use of vermicompost.

Determination of Forage Quality Characteristics of Some Quercus Genotypes in Pastures and Natural Vegetation in Southeastern Anatolia Region

2024-09-23T14:43:51+03:00

This research was conducted in May 2024 to determine the forage quality traits in genotypes of some Quercus taxa (Q. brantii, Q. coccifera, Q. infectoria subsp. veneris and Q. variabilis) located in the meadows-pastures and natural vegetation of the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In all genotypes examined in the study, average crude protein (CP) was found as 17.71 %, dry matter (DM) as 87.93 %, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) as 25.13 %, neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) as 46.01%, acid detergent insoluble protein (ADP) as 0.67%, digestible dry matter (DDM) as 69.33 %, dry matter consumption (DMI) as 2.74 %, relative feed value (RFV) as 148.0, potassium (K) as 2.48 %, calcium (Ca) as 1.46 %, magnesium (Mg) as 0.14 %, phosphorus (P) as 0.38 %, Ca/P as 3.99 and K/(Ca+Mg) as 1.61. In taxa, the average HP varied between 12.66-19.69 %, DM 87.17-88.34 %, ADF 23.64-29.51 %, NDF 42.66-53.49 %, ADP 0.63-0.72 %, DDM 65.91-70.49 %, DMI 2.24-3.01 %, RFV 114.6-164.3 %, K 1.94-2.73 %, Ca 0.98-1.71 %, Mg 0.10-0.17 %, P 0.32-0.42 %, Ca/P 2.32-5.45 and K/(Ca+Mg) 1.07-2.29. As a result of the research, the highest values in terms of the important traits examined (HP, ADF, NDF, SKM, KMT and NYD) were Q. infectoria subsp. veneris taxon, followed by Q. brantii, Q. variabilis and Q. coccifera taxa, respectively.

Design and Analysis of an Automotive Differential by Changing the Final Reduction Ratio

2024-08-05T16:31:34+03:00

Differential gear system is called the system used due to the different amounts of distance traveled by the wheels of the vehicles while cornering. Differential is designed according to the road handling performance and some features of the vehicles. Differential types differ due to needs. In fact, they all have the same function. In the differential gear system, hypoid bevel gears are preferred instead of spur gears. The differential mechanism is a gear system that transmits the movement of the drive shaft to the wheel, reduces its speed and increases its torque, and ensures the ease of the first movement in the vehicle. In the hypoid gear type, since the gear axes are perpendicular to each other, the center of gravity of the vehicle is moved closer to the ground, improving the handling of the vehicle. The use of any of the bevel gear groups of the ring gear and pinion gear is preferred because it reduces vibration and noise caused by friction. Commonly available automobile differentials have a maximum reduction ratio of 6. This is because designing an automotive differential with a reduction ratio greater than 6 results in a bulky design that is impossible to position with the limited space available. Also, increasing the size of the differential can lead to excessive unwanted weight. Most land vehicles have differentials with reductions of 3 or 4. Commercially speaking, it is almost impossible to find a differential with a reduction greater than 6. Most manufacturers introduce an additional single-speed gearbox, but this would complicate the design and increase service costs. The aim of this study is to design and analyze a differential with different reduction ratios. The article includes a force-based analysis performed in Adams and Ansys Simulation, as well as all calculations to prove the success of the design. In this study, changes were made in the cycle ratio by keeping the ring gear constant and taking into account the changes in the number of pinion gears. As a result of mathematical calculations and analysis, a decrease was observed in the normal module value as the cycle ratio increased. A quieter working environment was provided by using hypoid gears instead of spur gears in the design. As the distance between the axes increased, the mirror helix angle decreased and the efficiency decreased. As a result of the analyses, it was possible to intervene earlier in problems that may be observed during and after the production process.

Development of the Emotionally Motivated Impulsive Behaviour Scale (EMIBBS): Validity and Reliability Study

2024-09-23T11:48:11+03:00

This study aimed to develop a scale to assess emotionally driven impulsive behaviors and evaluate its psychometric properties. The scale development process consisted of three stages: item generation, assessment of content and face validity, and evaluation of psychometric properties. The scale was tested with 226 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine its factor structure. The analyses revealed a scale comprising 17 items and three sub-dimensions: ‘urgency,’ ‘thrill-seeking,’ and ‘acting without sufficient thought,’ consistent with existing literature. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results indicated a good model-data fit. The overall Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.894, suggesting that the Emotionally Motivated Impulsive Behaviour Scale is a valid and reliable psychometric tool for use in Turkish society.

Evaluation of Yield, Quality and Physiological Traits of Triticale Genotypes in Irrigated Conditions

2024-08-28T20:54:36+03:00

This study aimed to evaluate the yield quality and physiological traits of triticale genotypes (ADAY-8, DZ9-01-02, TBT6-11 and ESIN) in 2022-2023 production season in Diyarbakır, Türkiye. The field experiment was established according to the randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Heading time, plant height, thousand-kernel weight, grain yield, protein content, starch content, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and SPAD (Flag leaf chlorophyll content) values are investigated traits on the study. The findings of the study demonstrated that there were statistically significant variations among the genotypes, with the exception of protein and starch content in relation to the examined traits. The DZ9-01-02 (1059.0 kg ha^-1) and TBT6-11 (1049.7 kg ha^-1) advanced lines exhibited the highest grain yield values. Conversely, the ADAY-8 and DZ9-01-02 advance lines were found to have earlier heading time, suggesting that these lines may offer a potential advantage in varying environmental conditions. SPAD values were generally found to be high, which indicated that triticale lines had high chlorophyll content during the heading stage. As a result, DZ9-01-02 and TBT6-11 genotypes can be evaluated as variety candidates for further breeding programs. Further research and testing should be conducted to determine the overall performance and adaptability of these varieties in various environmental conditions.

Effect of Different Cutting Heights on Forage Yield and Chemical Composition of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

2024-09-13T14:03:32+03:00

A two-year field study, the effect of cutting heights on the forage yield and chemical composition of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was conducted on Bornova experimental fields of Field Crops Department of Agriculture Faculty, Ege University, Turkey. Four treatments of cutting height at 5 (BY5), 10 (BY10), 15 (BY15) and 20 (BY20) cm above ground level in randomized complete block design with 3 replications were employed. Some characteristics were measured in the experiment such plant height, number of tiller, dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. Two-year average results showed that switchgrass is quite well adapted to local conditions (totally 3 cuts per season), and, stubble heights (i.e. cutting heights) significantly affected all tested characteristics. Year effect was also significant on the yield and nutritional value of switchgrass, except CP concentration. The effect of deeper cuts tended to reduce digestibility of cell wall compounds. The total DM yield was significantly higher in BY10 than BY15 and BY20. Based on this research, cutting at 10 cm height above ground level could the optimal level for harvesting switchgrass in coastal part of Izmir.

Optimization of the use of Boron Derivate as Activating Agent for Hierarchical Pore Formation in Activated Carbon Structure

2024-08-02T09:44:28+03:00

In this study, the effects of boron-derived chemicals such as ammonium biborate (ABB), borax and boric acid on the size and volume distribution of the pores formed in the structure of activated carbon in the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste pistachio shells were examined. The effect of production conditions such as type of activating agent (ABB, Borax, Boric acid), activating agent rate (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%), holding time in the activating agent solution (1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days) and carbonization temperature (700 ^oC, 750 ^oC, 800 ^oC, 850^oC and 900 ^oC) on this distribution was also examined in terms of TG-DTA, FT-IR, SEM, BET surface area and BJH pore volume, pore surface area, volume distribution and pore diameter. According to the results obtained, peanut shells containing pores with an average diameter of 1.122 nm and a volume of 0.033 cc g^-1 turned into AC with a volume of 7.255 cc g^-1, a pore size of 42.52 nm. The highest pore surface area was observed as 300 m² g^-1 when 20% activating agent was used. As a result of waiting for 2 days, an expansion of the pore size up to 60 nm was observed. While the amount of ACs obtained increased to 9 cc g^-1 in the range of 10-15 nm at 800 ^oC, a more hierarchical structure in terms of micro and mesoporosity and even macroporosity was obtained at 850 ^oC. As a result, while AC with high micropore density was obtained from peanut shells with the use of ammonium biborate, both micro-, meso- and macro-sized pores were obtained with the use of boric acid. In addition, the use of 20%, 2 days and 850 ^oC production conditions was seen to support this hierarchy.

Investigation of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Durum Wheat Genotypes under Rainfall and Irrigation Conditions in Dry Season

2024-09-04T14:25:14+03:00

A total of 5 durum wheat genotypes, including the varieties Güneyyıldızı, Ovidio, Svevo and the lines Hat-301 and UYM-2, were used as materials in the research conducted in the field crops application areas of Diyarbakır Dicle University in the 2021/2022 season under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The study was carried out in two separate experiments under rainfed and irrigated conditions. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate some yield and quality traits of durum wheat genotypes under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions in the extremely hot and dry season in Diyarbakır province. As a result of this study, it was concluded that grain yield increased by 705.10 % in the rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions, especially in the high drought stress in the generative period of wheat, which caused a significant decrease in grain yield. In addition, a decrease of 22.42 % was determined in protein ratios in the supplementary irrigation condition. It was concluded that the reason for this situation was that the vegetation period of wheat was longer in the supplementary irrigation condition and the accumulation of starch in the grain maturity period was higher.

Investigation of Nursing Postgraduate Theses with Randomised Controlled Experimental Design in the Field of Pediatric Intensive Care: A Retrospective Study

2024-08-20T12:09:18+03:00

The study was conducted between 1-31 July 2024 using descriptive survey and document analysis methods. Using the search option in the database of the National Thesis Centre of the Presidency of the Council of Higher Education, ‘children intensive care’ and Theses with the keyword ‘paediatric intensive care’ were searched. As a result of the screening, a total of 57 postgraduate theses were reached, and 53 theses were included in the examination, as 4 postgraduate theses were found to be common in the examination. A total of 8 master's theses that met the inclusion criteria were examined. The theses examined in the study were analysed in terms of variables such as measurement tools, field of care, title of thesis advisor and distribution of theses according to years. The analysis of the data was done with numbers and percentages using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25 package programme and Microsoft Office 2016 programme. As a result of the examination, it was determined that hygiene 37.5% (n=3), respiration 50% (n=4), nutrition 12.5% (n=1) according to the care areas of the theses. It was observed that the postgraduate nursing theses in the field of paediatric intensive care in Turkey were mostly effective in achieving their aims and their findings were compatible with the international literature. It is thought that the number of postgraduate nursing theses on the subject is not sufficient, and increasing the number of theses will shed light on other studies and researchers.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1 Levels and Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Cattle with Hydatid Cyst

2024-08-16T15:35:31+03:00

Our aim was to determine thiol/disulfide homeostasis and cytokine levels in cattle with hydatid cysts. A total of 30 cattle, 15 infected with hydatid cysts and 15 healthy, were used in the study. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), total thiol, native thiol analyses were performed in serum samples. It was determined that TNF-α and IL-1 levels were significantly increased in cattle infected with hydatid cysts. In cattle infected with hydatid cysts, total thiol and native thiol levels were significantly decreased among biochemical parameters, while disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol levels were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the findings obtained from the study suggest that the use of thiol/disulfide homeostasis markers in cattle infected with hydatid cysts will contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Determination of Egg Quality Characteristics in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

2024-09-05T11:59:44+03:00

Zebra finches (Taeniopygia Guttata) are a bird species that are easy to breed indoors thanks to their adaptability. These birds, also known as Indian nightingales in Turkiye, are bred by enthusiasts for hobby purposes due to their singing ability and appearance. The present study aimed to examine some quality characteristics of the eggs obtained in the spring period from Sunda zebra finch birds, which are 7 months old on average, raised in pairs in closed cages (8 pieces) under similar care and feeding conditions. The weights and shape characteristics of the collected eggs were recorded. Each egg was then cracked and internal and external egg quality characteristics were determined. As a result, the mean egg weight, eggshell weight, and shape index values were found to be 1.07±0.01 g, 0.08±0.01 g, and 67.91±0.66%, respectively. Albumen and yolk ratio and albumen and yolk index values of internal quality characteristics were 64.18±0.30% and 27.82±0.31%, 7.87±0.16% and 45.69±0.61%, respectively. The avarage of color scale value in egg yolk was 4.65±0.11. Determination of egg quality characteristics is essential for embryo development and chick quality characteristics. This preliminary study is considered to help the breeders of this species in the evaluation of hatching results. In future studies, we plan to investigate how egg quality will be affected in different production periods in these bird species.

Determination of Forage Quality Characteristics in Some Onobrychis Species in Meadow-Pastures and Natural Vegetation in Southeastern Anatolia Region

2024-10-12T16:53:15+03:00

This study was carried out in 2023 to determine some forage quality traits in 9 different Onobrychis species (O. aequidentata, O. altissima, O. caput-galli, O. carduchorum, O. crista-galli, O. galegifolia, O. kotschyana, O. megataphros and O. transcaucasica) located in the meadows-pastures and natural vegetation of the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In the research, among the species, crude protein (CP) was 14.99-21.42%, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) was 15.60-27.44%, neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) was 32.35-45.30%, acid detergent insoluble protein (ADP) was 0.7-1.1%, dry matter (DM) was 88.70-92.46%, digestible dry matter (DDM) was 67.53-76.75%, dry matter intake (DMI) was 2.65-3.71%, relative feed value (RFV) was 141.1-210.8, potassium (K) was 0.40-2.53%, calcium (Ca) was 1.45-2.51%, magnesium (Mg) was 0.26-0.32%, phosphorus (P) was 0.15-0.42%, Ca/P 3.75-16.67 and K/(Ca+Mg) 0.14-1.38 ranges. As a result, the best values in terms of quality traits examined among the species were obtained from O. carduchorum, O. megataphros and O. transcaucasica, respectively, while the lowest quality values were obtained from O. kotschyana, O. galegifolia and O. crista-galli.

Square ZLindley Distribution:Statistical Properties, Simulation and Applications in Sciences

2024-09-18T20:59:15+03:00

An extension of the current ZLindley distribution, the new one-parameter Square ZLindley distribution (SZLD) is presented in this paper. It is possible to utilise the suggested model with both left-symmetric and left-skewed data sets. The shape of the SZLD will be discussed. Additionally included are quantile functions, moment generation functions, mean lifespan functions, Rényi entropy, order statistics, and survival and hazard functions. To effectively convey the usefulness of the suggested distribution, statistical features like moments, modes, quantile functions, and moment generator functions are produced. Using the maximum likelihood estimation method, parameters were computed. A comprehensive simulation analysis is conducted to assess these suggested estimators' performance using MLE for various parameter values two real-world datasets are used to illustrate the applicability and flexibility of the newly suggested distribution. Additional statistical inferences on the SZLD are supplied by data fitting, simulation studies, and graphing, utilising R and Maple tools.

The Effect of Different Planting Densities on Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Characteristics of Virginia (Sun-Cured) Tobacco in Manisa Province

2024-10-04T14:54:24+03:00

This study was conducted in 2023 under Manisa / Karayenice ecological conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the yield and yield components and some chemical properties of sun-cured virginia tobacco variety with different planting densities. Three different planting densities (40x70 cm, 50x70 cm and 60x70 cm) were applied in the study which was carried out with 3 replications according to randomized blocks experimental design. Plant height (cm), number of leaves (per plant^-1), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), yield (kg ha^-1), total alkaloid (nicotine) (%) and total reducing sugar (%) were analyzed. As a result of the results obtained from the experiment; plant height 184-190 cm; yield 409-434 kg da^-1; total alkaloid (nicotine) content 1.738-2.360%; total reducing sugar content 1.94-3.92%. It was concluded that it is suitable for sun-cured virginia tobacco cultivation in the region; when yield and yield components are considered, 50x70 cm planting density and when chemical properties are prioritized, 60x70 cm planting density can be recommended.

The Role of K-Humate and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Nutrient Accumulation Under Salinity Stress Condition in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2024-09-30T11:21:07+03:00

Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to cotton (Gossypium hirsitum L.) production, particularly during early growth stages. The present study investigates the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe (II, III) oxide NPs), K-humate, and their combination on nutrient accumulation in cotton plants under saline conditions. Cotton seedlings were subjected to both saline and non-saline environments, with treatments applied to assess their impact on nutrient uptake in the stem and root sections. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate nutrient variability across different treatments. Results showed that Fe (II, III) oxide NPs and K-humate enhanced nutrient balance under saline conditions by promoting nutrient uptake and mitigating salinity-induced nutrient imbalances, particularly for potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe). The combined treatment of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe (II, III) oxide NPs) and K-humate demonstrated a synergistic effect, improving nutrient interactions and it may contribute to plant resilience. These findings suggest that the use of nanomaterials, particularly in combination with organic compounds like K-humate, holds potential for enhancing cotton tolerance to salinity stress due to alleviating nutrient imbalances caused by salinity stress.

The Endangered Traditional Pulse, Single-Flowered Vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem): Some Agronomic Characteristics and Protein-Based Nutritional Value of Populations from Türkiye

2024-10-10T17:04:44+03:00

In agricultural researches, mostly basic crops with high economic value are taken into consideration, while plants that are cultivated in small quantities or locally are ignored. Climate change, changes in consumer preferences and increasing demand for safety and healthy foods are increasing the interest in species that have been overlooked and many of which are on the verge of extinction. One of the plants that can be evaluated in this context is single-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem). Single-flowered vetch is known as yellow lentil in Turkey and has been grown as a grain legume in the Inner Aegean Region for many years. However, information about the plant is extremely limited and its cultivation is also decreasing. This means that its culture is at risk of extinction. Therefore, in the current study, 5 local populations obtained from different provinces were grown in Yozgat conditions in the spring of 2023 to determine some of their agricultural characteristics and protein content. Significant differences (p<0.01) were detected among single-flowered vetch populations for all traits examined; first flowering time was 69-75 days, harvest maturity time was 117-122 days, grain yield was 1.47 - 2.41 t ha^-1 and protein content was 26.08 - 27.90%. As a result, it was determined that single-flowered vetch is comparable to lentil in terms of yield and protein content and it was concluded that more comprehensive studies would be useful.

Developing Rp-Hplc Method and Determination in Vitro Cytotoxicity of Silymarin Obtained From Silybum marinum Plant

2024-10-16T12:47:05+03:00

The Asteraceae family's Silybum marinum plant, commonly known as thistle, yields silymarin in its seeds. A frequently employed hepato-protective treatment for conditions like cirrhosis, fatty liver due to alcohol and hazardous chemicals, and hepatitis is silymarin. Conventional milk thistle extract is derived from seeds containing a silymarin content of 4-6%. The extract has 20–35% fatty acids, including linoleic acid, and 65–80% silymarin (a flavonolignan complex). Silymarin constitutes a complex blend of polyphenolic compounds that also contains a flavonoid (taxifolin) and seven closely related flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, silychristin, and silydianin). The two main diastereoisomers of silymarin, silybin A and silybin B, are approximately equally mixed in silibinin, a semi-purified fraction of silymarin. The impact of silymarin on liver, pancreatic, prostate, and skin cancers has been the subject of numerous patents. Owing to silymarin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its ability to modulate various proteins and genes, silymarin exhibits antichemopreventive effects. Moreover, silymarin mitigates the damaging effects on healthy cells or organs. Consequently, silymarin holds potential as an adjuvant therapy for cancer. In this study, the cytotoxicity of silymarin extracts obtained via the HPLC technique—known for its sensitivity, utility, and established efficacy in determining silymarin quantity from the Silybum marianum plant—was assessed using a colorimetric test on A-549 cells. It was found that 100 µM was the LD50 when silymarin was administered to A-549 cells in dosages of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µM.

Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis in the Valuation of Expropriation and Easement Rights in ENH

2024-07-17T15:47:04+03:00

In a globalizing world, meeting energy needs is becoming increasingly difficult due to global warming, the growing demand for energy production, the rapid depletion of minerals used in energy production, and the rapid decline of financial resources. Therefore, Energy Transmission Line (ETL) is quite important in the transmission of the generated energy. In order to conduct a new price research on the value of the easement right formed on parcels during ETL transmission, Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were applied using ArcGIS software for 101 parcels with independent variables affecting the property. In both methods, the R² value was at the level of 96%, yielding quite good results. As a result of the GWR analysis, a formula was determined that calculates the expropriation and easement right values using the mass valuation approach. Additionally, with the GWR model, the highest and lowest values for the easement right were determined based on the spatial/local weighted regional density of the 101 parcels.

Evaluation of the Flora of the Muş Alparslan University Campus with Regard to Beekeeping

2024-10-17T18:09:47+03:00

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most common and active pollinator insects on earth. Bees are needed to pollinate flowers, and bees need the flowers as food. Bees obtain nectar and pollen, the most important food sources, from flowers. Bees visit different flowers to collect these nutrients. Factors that influence the bees' visits include the plant species, the proximity and density of the plant, the flower structure, the quality of nectar and pollen and the bees' needs. When bees visit flowering plants, the quality of the pollen and nectar they receive from the flower and the structure of the flower are important. Some flowers may be pleasant to humans but are not at all preferred by bees. In this study, an attempt was made to determine which flower species, belonging to which family, are intensively visited by bees. As a result of the study, 263 plant taxa belonging to 47 families were identified. Asteraceae (47), Fabaceae (32), Poaceae (30), Lamiaceae (24) and Apiaceae (12) are the most densely populated families. During field studies, it was observed that bee density was high in yellow sweet clover, white sweet clover, false acacia, purple clover, and small burnet flowers. It is expected that this research will contribute to future studies and beekeeping activities.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Sequestration in Cropland and Crop Yield Limiting Factors

2024-04-30T11:33:35+03:00

Global warming has seriously affected human survival and sustainable development of agriculture. The direct cause of global warming is likely to be the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases mainly include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), ozone (O₃) and water vapor. Due to the rapid change of global climate, the situation has further deteriorated. In crop production, drought is undoubtedly the most important stress which has a great impact on crop growth and productivity. Understanding the physiological, biochemical and ecological interventions associated with these stresses is important for better management. Abiotic stress is one of the main constraints of crop production and food security in the world. This review explores the scientific foundations of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration in agricultural lands. It examines the negative impacts of drought stress on plant responses, crop growth, and yield formation. Additionally, it assesses the gap between actual yields and potential yields, highlighting the limiting factors that have not been adequately addressed. This issue is prevalent in agricultural production across all countries.

The Impact of Social Media in Veterinary Medicine Education

2024-10-18T15:56:26+03:00

This study was conducted to investigate the social media and internet usage habits among veterinary faculty students. The research, carried out at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, revealed that the majority of students utilized the internet for 3-5 hours daily, with a significant portion of this time allocated to social media engagement. Notably, gender differences in the use of social media for educational purposes were significant; female students reported greater usage of social media platforms, while male students tended to utilize these platforms more for technical and educational purposes. In the context of veterinary medicine education, classical textbooks (78.7%) and the internet (63.5%) emerged as the primary sources of information. Course slides, scientific publications, and educational videos were identified as the most frequently employed teaching tools online. The social media platforms most commonly utilized for educational purposes included YouTube, Google, and Instagram. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the role of social media in veterinary medicine education, demonstrating that students benefit from both traditional and digital resources. The findings suggest that the integration of social media into veterinary education offers significant opportunities for rapid information access and professional development. However, to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of these platforms, it is essential for students to enhance their digital literacy skills and to engage in critical evaluation of the information presented.

Novel Two Parameter Model: Statistical Properties, Fuzzy Reliability and Applications

2024-10-17T19:35:38+03:00

The improvement of one-parameter lifetime distributions together with Lindley, Zegdoudi, XLindley, new XLindley, XGamma, etc., has usually been popular, however including a brand new parameter to a distribution makes it better and more flexible than the present one. This paper presents a new family of two-parameter (NTPFD) derivatives of the two parameter polynomial exponential family. This new version is a generalization of numerous novel one-parameter distributions such as: the XLindley, new XLindley, and ZLindley distributions. We study the main statistical properties of NTPFD: the shape of the density and hazard rate functions, moments, skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variation, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, reliability parameters, stochastic ordering, entropies, and quantile function. A discussion of fuzzy reliability is also given. To study the applicability, usefulness, reliability and superiority of the proposed distribution over existing distributions, two real data sets are assessed and fitted to the NTPFD distribution and potential competitors such as: an uncensored data set corresponding to the remission duration of a random sample of 128 patients with bladder cancer and the US population recorded in the decennial census during the period 1790-1970.