The Comparative Effects of Slow-Release and Conventional Urea Applications on Growth Dynamics and Quality Parameters in Wheat
Abstract views: 286
/ 
PDF downloads: 91
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17007872Keywords:
Nitrogen use efficiency, wheat, humic acid, yield, slow releaseAbstract
Nowadays, the use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers is considered a good alternative, especially to reduce the negative environmental effects of nitrogen and to increase its usage efficiency. Furthermore, research in this area is increasing day by day. The study is a model study that aims to compare the wheat development, nitrogen (N) uptake, and utilization efficiency of slow-release urea (SRU) fertilizer, which is coated with a biodegradable natural material based on sodium alginate and enriched with additive components consisting of a mixture of humic acid, lysine HCL, and gluconic acid, with conventionally widely used urea (CU) fertilizer, which is traditionally widely used. In a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions using the Kayra bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety, slow-release and conventional urea fertilizers were applied in increasing doses (0, 8, 16, 24 kg da⁻¹) in divided applications. and certain growth parameters (plant height, root length, root, stem, ear fresh and dry weights) and quality criteria (grain number, 1000-grain weight, and protein content) were determined. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the application of 16 kg da⁻¹ of SRU fertilizer could increase N uptake and grain protein content in wheat by approximately 5–10%, chlorophyll index and yield components by 10–15%. In this context, it is recommended that the long-term performance and potential environmental/economic impacts of SRU fertilizers formulated with different components and additives be verified through multi-location field trials on different soil types, climatic conditions, and wheat varieties.
References
Abalos, D., Jeffery, S., Sanz-Cobena, A., Guardia, G., Vallejo, A., 2014. Meta-analysis of the effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 189: 136–144.
Ab Rahman, S.F.S., Singh, E., Pieterse, C.M., Schenk, P.M., 2018. Emerging microbial biocontrol strategies for plant pathogens. Plant Science, 267: 102–111.
Agegnehu, G., Nelson, P.N., Bird, M.I., 2016. The effects of biochar, compost and their mixture and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of barley grown on a Nitisol in the highlands of Ethiopia. Science of the Total Environment, 569–570: 869–879.
Chen, J., Lu, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X., Li, X., Ning, P., Liu, M., 2018. Environmentally friendly fertilizers: A review of materials used and their effects on the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 613–614: 829–839.
Conrad, J., 2000. Environmental policy regulation by voluntary agreements: Technical innovations for reducing use and emission of EDTA. FFU Report, 1–4.
Crusciol, C.A.C., Almeida, D.S., Alves, C.J., Soratto, R.P., Krebsky, E.O., Spolidorio, E.S., 2019. Can micronized sulfur in urea reduce ammoniacal nitrogen volatilization and improve maize grain yield? Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19: 701–711.
Daşkın, S., Alp, A., 2025. Farklı potasyum uygulama dozlarının buğday (Triticum spp.) verim ve kalite unsurları üzerine etkileri. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1): 277–289.
Dimkpa, C.O., Fugice, J., Singh, U., Lewis, T.D., 2020. Development of fertilizers for enhanced nitrogen use efficiency—Trends and perspectives. Science of the Total Environment, 731: 139113.
Dong, Y.J., He, M.R., Wang, Z.L., Chen, W.F., Hou, J., Qiu, X.K., Zhang, J.W., 2016. Effects of new coated release fertilizer on the growth of maize. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 16: 637–649.
Eliş, S., Kızılgeçi, F., Sınır, E., Yıldırım, M., 2024. Yazlık ekimde ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinin fizyolojik, kalite ve verim özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3): 612–620.
Feng, J.F., Li, F.B., Deng, A.X., Feng, X.M., Fang, F.P., Zhang, W.J., 2016. Integrated assessment of the impact of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer on N₂O emission and crop yield. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 231: 218–228.
Garcia, P.L., Sermarini, R.A., Trivelin, P.C.O., 2019. Placement effect of controlled-release and conventional urea blend in maize. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 50: 2321–2329.
Gasparin, E., Araujo, M.M., Saldanha, C.W., Tolfo, C.V., 2015. Controlled release fertilizer and container volumes in the production of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan seedlings. Acta scientiarum. Agronomy, 37: 473–481.
Ghafoor, I., Rahman, M.H., Hasnain, M.U., Ikram, R.M., Khan, M.A., Iqbal, R., Hussain, M.I., Sabagh, A.E., 2022. Effect of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers on dry matter accumulation, grain nutritional quality, water productivity and wheat yield under an arid environment. Scientific Reports, 12(1): 1–10.
Gil-Ortiz, R., Naranjo, M.Á., Ruiz-Navarro, A., Caballero-Molada, M., Atares, S., García, C., Vicente, O., 2020. New eco-friendly polymeric-coated urea fertilizers enhanced crop yield in wheat. Agronomy, 10: 438.
Hochman, Z., Horan, H., 2018. Causes of wheat yield gaps and opportunities to advance the water-limited yield frontier in Australia. Field Crops Research, 228: 20–30.
Hong, D., Chang, D., Shao, C., Cui, W., Lu, X., Dong, W., Fan, H., Wang, K., Liu, Y., 2024. Effects of polymer conditioner and nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen absorption and utilization of drip-irrigated wheat in arid areas. Agronomy, 14: 232.
JMP®, 1989–2025. JMP® (Version 16) [Computer software]. SAS Institute Inc.
Kaplan, L., Tlustos, P., Szakova, J., Najmanova, J., 2013. The influence of slow-release fertilizers on potted chrysanthemum growth and nutrient consumption. Plant, Soil and Environment, 59: 385–391.
Kaygıner, E., 2023. Buğday (Triticum L.). ISPEC Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1): 9–27.
Naz, M.Y., Sulaiman, S.A., 2016. Slow release coating remedy for nitrogen loss from conventional urea: A review. Journal of Controlled Release, 225: 109–120.
Osman, S.M., El-Rahman, A.E.M.A., 2009. Effect of slow release nitrogen fertilization on growth and fruiting of guava under Mid Sinai conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(5): 4366–4375.
Pack, J.E., Hutchinson, C.M., Simonne, E.H., 2006. Evaluation of controlled-release fertilizers for northeast Florida chip potato production. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29: 1301–1313.
Roshanravan, B., Soltani, S.M., Mahdavi, F., Rashid, S.A., Yusop, M.K., 2014. Preparation of encapsulated urea-kaolinite controlled release fertiliser and their effect on rice productivity. Chemistry and Ecology, 26: 249–256.
Rahimizadeh, M., Kashani, A., Feizabadi, A.F., Koocheki, A.R., Nassiri, M.M., 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency of wheat as affected by preceding crop, application rate of nitrogen and crop residues. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4: 363–368.
Rahman, M.H., Ahmad, I., Wang, D., 2020. Influence of semi-arid environment on radiation use efficiency and other growth attributes of lentil crop. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28: 13697–13711.
Sharma, I., Tyagi, B.S., Singh, G., Venkatesh, K., Gupta, O.P., 2015. Enhancing wheat production—A global perspective. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(1): 3–13.
Shaviv, A., Mikkelsen, R.L., 1993. Controlled-release fertilizers to increase efficiency of nutrient use and minimize environmental degradation: A review. Fertilizer Research, 35: 1–12.
Sher, A., Zhang, L.G., Noor, M.A., Nadeem, M., Ashraf, U., Baloch, S.K., Guo, P.Y., 2019. Nitrogen use efficiency in cereals under high plant density: manufacturing, management strategies and future prospects. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 17(4).
Tosun, M., Yüce, S., Erkul, A., Ege, H., 2006. Kuru ve sulu koşullarda yetiştirilen buğdayın bazı agronomik ve kalite özelliklerinin direkt seleksiyona karşı indirekt seleksiyon etkinliği. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2): 53-62.
Trenkel, M.E., 2010. Slow and controlled release and stabilized fertilizers: An option for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in agriculture (2nd ed.). International Fertilizer Industry Association.
Xu, X., He, P., Wei, J., Cui, R., Sun, J., Qiu, S., Zhao, S., Zhou, W., 2021. Use of controlled-release urea to improve yield, nitrogen utilization, and economic return and reduce nitrogen loss in wheat-maize crop rotations. Agronomy, 11(4): 723.
Yan, P., Dong, X., Lu, L., Fang, M., Ma, Z., Du, J., Dong, Z., 2022. Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency enhancement through poly(aspartic acid)-coated urea in clay loam soil based on a 5-year field trial. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 953728.
Yang, C., Zhang, M., Zheng, L., Cheng, D., Liu, M., Geng, Q., 2011. Controlled release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and quality of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 103(2): 479-485.
Yang, L., Wang, L.G., Li, H., Qiu, J.J., Liu, H.Y., 2014. Impacts of fertilization alternatives and crop straw incorporation on N₂O emissions from a spring maize field in Northeastern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13: 881–892.
Zhang, F.F., Gao, S., Zhao, Y.Y., Zhao, X.L., Liu, X.M., Xiao, K., 2015. Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14: 1295–1308.
Zhang, G., Liu, S., Dong, Y., Liao, Y., Han, J., 2022. A nitrogen fertilizer strategy for simultaneously increasing wheat grain yield and protein content: Mixed application of controlled-release urea and normal urea. Field Crops Research, 277: 108405.
Zhu, S., Liu, L., Xu, Y., Yang, Y., Shi, R., 2020. Application of controlled release urea improved grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15(10): e0241481.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The copyright of the published article belongs to its author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 