Transport Dynamics of Chelated Iron Between Wheat and Soil
Abstract views: 243
/ 
PDF downloads: 79
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16744041Keywords:
Fe-EDTA, yield, iron uptake, bioavailability, chlorophyll index (SPAD)Abstract
This study investigated the effects of iron chelate (Fe-EDTA) application on soil and plant iron (Fe) nutrient content, wheat Fe uptake, yield, and chlorophyll index under both planted and unplanted soil conditions across different sampling periods. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Balcalı 2000) and arranged in a randomized plot design with four replications. Seven Fe-EDTA doses (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg kg-1) were applied, while nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were uniformly supplied to all pots as supportive fertilization. Soil and plant samples were collected at four harvest stages to determine Fe concentrations, dry matter yield, and chlorophyll index (SPAD). The highest increase in plant Fe concentration was recorded at 50 mg kg-1 in the fourth harvest, showing + 8.15 mg kg-1 compared to the control. Similarly, the highest soil Fe increase (+ 2.79 mg kg-1) occurred at 50 mg/kg in the first harvest. No statistically significant effect on SPAD values was observed (p>0.05). Correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between soil and plant Fe content during the early stages (1st and 2nd harvests), which weakened over time. While low-to-moderate Fe doses (2.5–10 mg kg-1) improved dry matter yield, higher doses showed variable bioavailability due to soil fixation and adsorption dynamics. Therefore, it is emphasized that fertilization should be carefully planned in terms of both dose and timing.
References
Abadía, J., Vázquez, S., Rellán-Álvarez, R., El-Jendoubi, H., Abadía, A., Álvarez-Fernández, A., López-Millán, A.F., 2011. Towards a knowledge-based correction of iron chlorosis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(5): 471-482.
Altuner, F., Gelısken, A., Özdemır, B., 2024. Determination of the effect of nitrogenous fertilization on grain quality characterıstics in wheat. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(4): 909-918.
Balkan, A., Gençtan, T., 2024. Investigation of the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(1): 167-177.
Bingham, F.T., 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (Ed: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney). Boron, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, s.431–447.
Bouyoucos, G.J., 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43(9): 434.
Chen, Y., Barak, P., 1982. Iron nutrition of plants in calcareous soils. Advances in Agronomy, 35: 217-240.
Çağlar, K., 1949. Toprak bilgisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
FAO, 2021. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2021. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Ghasemi-Fasaei, R., Ronaghi, A., 2008. Interaction of iron with copper, zinc, and manganese in wheat as affected by iron and manganese in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(5): 839–848.
Graham, R.D., Welch, R.M., Bouis, H.E., 2001. Addressing micronutrient malnutrition through enhancing the nutritional quality of staple foods: Principles, perspectives and knowledge gaps. Advances in Agronomy, 70: 77-142.
Guerinot, M.L., Yi, Y., 1994. Iron: Nutritious, noxious, and not readily available. Plant Physiology, 104(3): 815-820.
Anonim, 1962. Soil chemical analysis (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Kabata-Pendias, A., Mukherjee, A.B., 2007. Trace elements from soil to human. Springer, Berlin.
Lindsay, W.L., 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(3): 421–428.
Lindsay, W.L., Schwab, A.P., 1982. The chemistry of iron in soils and its availability to plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5(4-7): 821-840.
Lowe, N.M., 2021. Iron fortification: effectiveness and safety. Annual Review of Nutrition, 41: 185-206.
Lucena, J.J., 2003. Fe chelates for remediation of Fe chlorosis in strategy I plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26(10–11): 1969–1984.
Ma, J.F., 2005. Plant root responses to three abundant soil minerals: silicon, aluminum and iron. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 24(4): 267-281.
Marschner, H., 2012. Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants (3rd ed.). Academic Press, London.
McLean, E.O., 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (Ed: A.L. Page). Soil pH and lime requirement, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, s.199–224.
Mengel, K., Kirkby, E.A., Kosegarten, H., Appel, T., 2001. Principles of plant nutrition (5th ed.). Springer, Dordrecht.
Müjdeci, M., Sarıyev, A., Polat, V., 2005. Buğday Triticum aestivum L. veriminin matematiksel modellenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(04): 349-353.
Netondo, G.W., Onyango, J.C., Beck, E., 2004. Sorghum and salinity: II. gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Science, 44(3): 806–811.
Rengel, Z., 2007. Cycling of nutrients through the plant-soil-microbial system in the rhizosphere. In Z. Rengel (Ed.), Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems (pp. 221–243). Springer.
Römheld, V., Marschner, H., 1986. Evidence for a specific uptake system for iron phytosiderophores in roots of grasses. Plant Physiology, 80(1): 175-180.
Soil Survey Staff, 1951. Soil survey manual. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C.
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Zhang, Y., Luo, B., Zhang, W., Xu, Z., Li, X. 2019. Excess iron stress reduces root growth and induces biochemical changes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Biology, 62: 138–146.
Zuo, Y., Zhang, F., 2011. Soil and crop management strategies to prevent iron deficiency in crops. Plant and Soil, 339(1-2): 83-95.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The copyright of the published article belongs to its author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 